Mechanism of Action

Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic that belongs to the β-lactam class of antibiotics. It exerts its antibacterial effect by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Specifically, amoxicillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cell membrane. These proteins are essential for the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, which are critical components of the bacterial cell wall. By inhibiting PBPs, amoxicillin prevents the formation of a strong cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death of the bacteria.

Amoxicillin is particularly effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. However, its efficacy can be compromised by the presence of β-lactamase enzymes produced by some bacteria, which can hydrolyze and inactivate the antibiotic. To counteract this, amoxicillin is often combined with clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor, to broaden its spectrum of activity and protect it from enzymatic degradation.

Application

Amoxicillin injection is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including:

• Respiratory Tract Infections: Such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis caused by susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
• Urinary Tract Infections: Caused by Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and other susceptible Gram-negative bacteria.
• Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Including impetigo, cellulitis, and wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
• Gastrointestinal Infections: Such as typhoid fever and other Salmonella infections.
• Otitis Media: Middle ear infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.
• Prophylaxis: Used to prevent bacterial infections in patients undergoing surgical procedures, particularly those at risk high of infection.

Dosage Instructions

The dosage of amoxicillin injection varies depending on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient's age and renal function. General guidelines are as follows:

• Adults: The usual dose is 500 mg to 1 g every 8 hours or 500 mg every 12 hours, administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
• Children: The dose is typically 20 to 40 mg/kg per day, divided into three doses every 8 hours.
• Severe Infections: Higher doses may be required, up to 6 g per day in divided doses for adults.
• Renal Impairment: Dose adjustments are necessary based on creatinine clearance. For example, patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min may require a reduced dose or extended dosing intervals.
• It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment to ensure effective eradication of the infection and to minimize the risk of developing antibiotic resistance.

Storage

Amoxicillin injection should be stored in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to maintain its stability and potency. General storage guidelines include:

• Temperature: Store the vials or ampules at room temperature (15°C to 30°C) unless otherwise specified.
• Protection from Light: Protect from excessive light and moisture.
• Reconstituted Solutions: If the injection is reconstituted, it should be used within the time frame specified by the manufacturer, typically within 24 hours. Reconstituted solutions should be stored in a refrigerator (2°C to 8°C) if not used immediately.

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Shandong Sino Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. (S.S.P.T.)  is a different kind of pharmaceuticals (both finished medicine products and raw materials), health products, cosmetics and medical supplies company for human needs, focusing on global markets, especially the developing world. Working with the highest levels of government and local distributors alike, we aim to not only expand our business scale and scope but also have a special interest in serving the needs of the end consumer that requires our products the most. To this end, we have a presence in 5 continents with an expanding product range to meet the demand of our main markets.

Moreover, our manufacturing facilities follow strict GMP rules and regulations. We have intergraded all GMP guidelines into internal procedures improving the degree to which results are consistently exceeding expectations. As one of the best pharmaceutical companies in China, we take our ethical obligation to improving access to high quality and affordable WHO essential drugs seriously. This is the ethical basis our company was founded on.
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